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Contents

  • Disclaimer and Warning - Please read this.
  • Physics - This page provides links to sites containing information that is both relevant to and useful for the current HSC Syllabus in Physics.
  • Religion - This page provides links to sites containing information that is both relevant to and useful for the current HSC Syllabus in Studies of Religion 1 & 2 Unit.
  • Favourite - Links to some of my favourite sites, including the excellent GOOGLE Search Engine.
  • General - Links to some more general sites of interest.

Favourite Sites

  • ABC Science News - Excellent source of current science news articles.

  • ANZWERS Search Engine or Google Search Engine

  • BINTEL - This is the website of The Binocular and Telescope Shop in York St, Sydney - in my opinion the best place to buy all your astronomical equipment.

  • Board of Studies - HSC Exam Papers links page.  HSC Exam papers from 1995 to the present are available here, as well as Markers Guidelines & Comments.

  • Board of Studies HSC Syllabuses - Select the letter of the Syllabus name when you get there.

  • Catholic Schools Diocese of Maitland Newcastle

  • Conversions - Convert any unit to any other unit with the same dimensions.

  • Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle Australia

  • Edna - Education Network Australia.  This is Australia's free online network for educators.  This site contains a wealth of resources for teaching, learning & research.

  • Experimental Accuracy, Reliability and Validity - This link takes you to an article for teachers on the "From Quanta To Quarks" Option.  The article contains very good definitions of the important terms "accuracy", "reliability" and "validity".  See page 2 & 3 of the article.  It is a pdf file, so you will need a program like the Adobe Acrobat reader.

  • Interact - A selection of interactive websites and games that show a different side of Physics.

  • Merchants of Doubt - A great article in Cosmos Magazine (May 2011) revealing the reasons behind the campaign of doubt & uncertainty being waged by big-business against the science of global warming.  This is a great read.  The author Naomi Oreskes is author of the book by the same title.

  • Minor Amendments to Physics Stage 6 Syllabus - 7 December 2006

  • My Favorite Site - Albert Einstein - Image & Impact

  • National Youth Science Forum - Find out about this excellent opportunity for keen Year 11 Science students.  If you are interested in the possibility of Science as a career, this is an opportunity not to be missed!

  • Ozymandias - The poem by P B Shelley.

  • Physics 2000 - An interactive journey through modern physics.

  • Powers of Ten - A view of the universe spanning from 10 million light years from Earth down to the scale of nucleons.

  • Senior Science - An excellent site with notes, questions, practicals and revision for the Stage 6 Senior Science Course.  This site is run by Peter Wilkinson, a Science Teacher at St Francis Xavier's College, Hamilton, NSW.

  • St Pius X High School, Adamstown - School Website

  • The Desiderata - A beautiful reflection on how to live a good life.

  • The Lady of Shalott by Alfred Lord Tennyson.  Page down when you get there to find the link.

  • The Physics Classroom - A fantastic site devoted to the study of physics.  The site contains notes, animations, problems with answers & audio assistance and much more on a wide variety of physics topics.  Take care with the problems as there is some use of non-SI units.

  • The Rose - a beautiful song

  • The Stern Report - Check out a summary of the Stern Report on the economics of climate change.

  • Verb Practice - A great way to learn or revise the meanings of all the important verbs used in the Stage 6 Syllabuses.

  • Videos - Top 10 Physics videos plus access to many others - just page down a little & look for the "Categories" heading on the right hand side of the page.

  • Weird Things - A fascinating blog by Greg Fish who is a computer science grad student and science blogger.  His work appears on BusinessWeek, Discovery News, The Panda’s Thumb and other popular science sites and blogs. He specializes in writing about unusual cutting edge science and promoting skepticism and sound science education.  A huge variety of topics is covered.  It is updated daily.

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Physics Related Sites

Links Contents:

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8.2 THE WORLD COMMUNICATES:

  • Acoustics & Vibration Animations - Good animations illustrating important concepts relating to acoustics & vibrations.

  • Bandwidth - An explanation.

  • EMP - Interesting article on electromagnetic pulses generated by the explosion of nuclear weapons.

  • EM Spectrum & Applications - Notes on EM radiation plus some interesting applications to remote sensing.

  • EM Spectrum Usage in Australia - Provides the frequency ranges and other details for the various bands of the EM spectrum used for communication purposes in Australia.

  • Explore Learning - A site that provides notes & practical exercises on many Physics and Maths topics.  It is a pay site that allows you to run only one "Gizmo" applet per day unless you join.  It is a very good site with many excellent applets but whether you join or not is totally up to you.  There are many other sites with excellent applets for which you do not have to pay.  See for instance the other Java Applet links below.

  • General Physics Java Applets - Many useful applets for explaining basic Physics concepts - waves, optics, oscillations, mechanics and more.

  • How Radio Works - A good explanation of how radio works.  The Table of Contents at the top & bottom of the page allows you to browse through several interesting aspects of the production, transmission & reception of radio waves.

  • Inverse Square Law - a practical - part of the Australian Academy of Science project - Communicating with Light.  Material also available on fibre optics, morse code and more.

  • Java Applets - virtual laboratory exercises on a huge range of Physics topics

  • Learn About Light - A collection of useful information on light.  Well worth a look.  Thanks to Matt for alerting me to this site.

  • Longitudinal & Transverse Wave Motion - Good animations of these wave types.

  • Modulation - A simple but adequate explanation of signal modulation, including pulse, amplitude & frequency modulation.

  • Solar Radiation - Useful information on the nature of solar radiation and its penetration ability through Earth's atmosphere.

  • Speed of Sound in Materials - A very good explanation of the effect of density & elasticity on the speed of sound in materials.  Links to other good lessons on waves.

  • The Communications Revolution - Basic information on the communications revolution, optical fibres, photonics and related aspects of physics.

  • The World Communicates - Notes from School of Physics, Uni. of NSW, for workshop for High School Physics Teachers.

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8.3 ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THE HOME:

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8.4 MOVING ABOUT:

  • Aerodynamics Links - A very comprehensive list of topics on aerodynamics.  Good explanations of much of the basic Physics involved in flight.  Defines & explains true airspeed, windspeed, cross winds, groundspeed & much more.  Well worth a look if your interested in flight.

  • Bed of Nails Physics - Brief explanation of the physics behind lying on a bed of nails and having a heavy stone block broken on top of you.

  • Death-defying Designs For Car Safety - Good article on car safety features & why they work.

  • Fatal Impacts 1 - An interesting article on the risks involved in speeding.  Some physicists would argue that the actual risk estimates have been over-estimated but the article is still worth a look.

  • Fatal Impacts 2 - A mathematical analysis of the "speed kills" arguments.  Note that this article attempts to provide an accurate assessment of the risks associated with speeding and is in no way intended as an argument in favour of speeding.

  • Key Facts for New Drivers - Download this very useful booklet from this page.

  • Physics Applets No.1 - Numerous very good applets on a range of Physics topics, including motion.

  • Physics Applets No.2 - More great applets on many topics, including motion.

  • Physics Applets No.3 - Virtual laboratory exercises on mechanics, astrophysics, energy & the environment and thermodynamics.  When you get there, move your mouse over the topic of interest and a menu will appear.  Click on the menu item required so that it is highlighted.  A description of the applet will appear in the box to the right.  Then click on the "choose this applet" button below this box to run this applet.

  • Rotation of a Wheel - Why does it appear to go backwards?

  • Spacecraft Speed Records - An interesting site - worth a look.

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8.5 THE COSMIC ENGINE:

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9.2 SPACE:

  • Age - Check out your age on other planets.
     

  • Apollo Mission History - A great collection of facts & photos highlighting the Apollo Moon program from start to finish.

  • C-Ship - Definitely worth a visit - shows the effects of Special Relativity for a traveller getting ever closer to the speed of light - excellent graphics!

  • Current Space Missions - basic details of current missions to various parts of our Solar System - Voyager, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini-Huygens and several others.
     

  • Dark Energy - Why we are stuck with it - interesting article.

  • Einstein's Mirror - A brief introduction to this thought experiment and its significance provided by NSW HSC Online.

  • Galileo - The Motion of Projectiles - Excerpt from Galileo's "Two New Sciences" in which he gives his classic analysis of projectile motion.

  • g-forces I - effect of g-forces on pilots, along with some other interesting information on flying.

  • g-forces II - another site with a basic explanation of g-forces.

  • Goddard and his Rockets - information on the contribution of Robert Goddard to the development of space exploration

  • Gravity Assists 1 - An explanation of "gravity assists".
     

  • Gravity Assists 2 - Another explanation of "gravity assists".

  • Gravity - Questions & Answers

  • Lectures on Galileo & Einstein - An excellent set of lectures from Michael Fowler of the University of Virginia, on the works of these two brilliant scientists.

  • Lessons From The Beagle - What lessons have been learned from the loss of the Beagle 2 Mars Lander at the end of 2003?  An interesting article for anyone studying the difficulties of doing Science in space.

  • Missions Beyond Our Solar System - interesting mission data on spacecraft that have gone beyond our Solar System.
     

  • Mysteries of Deep Space - Classroom Activities

  • Newton's Cannon - an applet demonstrating the idea.  This is linked to a good lecture.

  • Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - very good notes.

  • Pioneer 10 - Interesting overview of the mission of this spacecraft, which is now further from earth than any other spacecraft besides Voyager 1.  Links to other missions.

  • Projectile Motion - An applet - fires shots at a target - you adjust inclination, speed & value of g.

  • Projectile Motion II - Another applet allowing you to experiment with the variables that determine a projectile's trajectory.

  • Rocket Principles - explanation of Newton's Laws & principles of rocket propulsion.

  • Roller Coaster - An explanation of Roller Coaster physics.

  • Saturn V Rocket - details of the rocket used to launch the Apollo spacecraft.

  • Solar Sailing - Information on solar sail propulsion.

  • Space Invaders - The transcript of a presentation on the ABC's Ockham's Razor in December 2000, discussing the dirty & lucrative sides of space exploitation.

  • Space News from Earth and Beyond - A good source of up to date news on all sorts of things to do with space.

  • Space Shuttle

  • SEDS - Students for the Exploration and Development of Space - a wealth of information on Space, Astronomy & Rocketry.  This is an excellent site with links to other very useful sites.

  • The Space Place - Simple explanation of how best to use earth's orbital & rotational motion to advantage during launch.

  • Space-Time - Brief description of current knowledge of the fabric of space-time.

  • Time - Questions & Answers
     

  • Warp Drive - interesting article

  • Weight - Determine your weight on other planets.

 

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9.3 MOTORS & GENERATORS:

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9.4 FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION:

Note: Several good links to sites on CRT's, oscilloscopes and television are located on the "From Ideas to Implementation" page.

Return to Physics Links Contents

 

 

9.7 ASTROPHYSICS:

  • Active Optics - Good basic information.

  • Active Optics Example 1 - Good notes on the New Technology Telescope which uses active optics.  The New Technology Telescope, or NTT is a 3.6m telescope located at La Silla Observatory, Chile.

  • Active Optics Example 2 - The world's most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory.
     

  • Adaptive Optics - Good basic information.

  • Age of Clusters - A good site on determining the ages of clusters.

  • Astronomy Activities - A large selection of activities.  Worth a look.  Included is an activity on determining the age of an open cluster.

  • Astronomy 122: Birth & Death of Stars - An excellent set of notes on this topic.  Page down for the Table of Contents of lectures when you get to the site.

  • Astronomical Images - A very comprehensive collection of images from the Anglo-Australian Observatory.

  • Astrophysics - Very good explanations covering a huge range of astrophysics topics.

  • Astrophysics Links - From Uni of Sydney.  I have not checked out all of these links but some or all may be of use.
     

  • ALMA - The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), is the largest astronomical project in existence.  It came online on 3 October 2011.

  • CFHT Homepage - Lots of details & news from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.

  • Chromatic Aberration - Basic notes.

  • Clusters I - Excellent notes on open & globular clusters and the age of clusters.  Good photographs & HR Diagrams.

  • Clusters II - More good notes on open & globular clusters.

  • Eclipsing Binaries - model light curves of eclipsing binaries using computer simulation.  This answers Syllabus section 9.7.5 Column 3 dot point 1.

  • Elements Heavier than Iron - How are they made? - This link takes you to the Astrophysics & Cosmology site at Florida State University.  Among other interesting material there is a good section on how stars produce elements heavier than iron.

  • European Southern Observatory - General Information & links to their telescopes including the VLT and the VLT Interferometer (VLTI).

  • Evolutionary Tracks - This is a very good page on post main sequence stars.  When you get there page down a little & you will find a very good diagram showing the evolutionary tracks for stars of 1, 5 and 10 solar masses as requested by the current Syllabus.

  • GAIA - An ambitious mission to chart a 3-D map of our Galaxy.

  • Galileo's Comments on & Drawings of the Moon - Interesting.

  • Galileo's Drawings of the Moon - good site.  The link to the drawings is at bottom left of page.

  • Galileo Project - Excellent source of information on the life & work of Galileo Galilei.

  • Gemini Observatory - Great pictures and information.

  • HR Diagram Plotting Exercise I - A good exercise that gets students to plot an HR Diagram for the nearest & brightest stars.  Data is supplied.  You will need a pdf reader such as Adobe Acrobat to access this file.
     

  • Interferometry - Good basic information.

  • Mars Photos - The latest high resolution photos of Mars taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.  The HiRISE camera on board is the most powerful camera ever to leave Earth's orbit.
     

  • Milky Way's Black Hole - Best proof yet of the black hole that is thought to exist at the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy.

  • National Radio Astronomy Observatory - General information & links to several NRAO telescopes including the VLA & the VLBA.

  • Nebulae - An excellent description of the different types of nebulae and of starbirth within dark nebulae.

  • New Type of Neutron Star - Article from Physics Web on the discovery of a new type of neutron star.

  • Open Cluster HR Diagram - Notes & HR Diagram.

  • Parallel Universes - An interesting look at this concept by the BBC.
     

  • Phoenix Mission to Mars - Read about the discovery of water on Mars.

     

  • Planet Quest - Description of NASA's attempts to answer two basic questions - Where do we come from?  Are we alone?

  • Pulsars - Listen to some pulsars courtesy of the University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory.

  • Resolution - A good explanation of this concept.  Links to other interesting aspects of astronomy.

  • SIRTF Homepage - Information on the Space Infrared Telescope Facility.

  • Solar Neutrino Problem Solved - Article on this from Physics World Magazine.

  • Spectra - Absorption & emission spectra for all the elements.  Just click on the element in the Periodic Table to view its spectra.

  • Star Clusters - Examples of actual open and globular clusters, notes on HR Diagrams and stellar evolution.  Good example HR Diagrams of clusters of various ages.

  • Star Clusters & Variable Stars - A detailed account of clusters including how HR Diagrams of clusters can be used to test our models of stellar evolution.

  • Stellar Death - excellent information on stellar evolution.


  • Stellar Evolution - Useful notes on stellar evolution including an HR Diagram showing the evolutionary track of a one-solar mass star.  Notes are also available on stars, nebulae & HR Diagrams.

  • Stellar Evolution Models - How stellar evolution models are confirmed and how the age of clusters is determined from the main sequence turn-off point.  Good HR Diagrams.

  • Stellar Evolution Summary - A good little summary of stellar evolution, including an example evolutionary track for a star of 1 solar mass.

  • Telescopes - Basic notes.

  • The Chandra X-Ray Observatory Centre - A very good site describing this mission & X-ray astronomy in general.  Great pictures.

  • The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory - Brief description of this project.

  • The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope Project - Details of this project & photographs.

  • The Moon - Historical account of lunar observation, including Galileo's efforts.

  • White Holes & Wormholes - A reasonably simple explanation of these two astrophysical entities.  There is also information on and links to material on relativity & black holes.

  • Why Build Big Telescopes? - An excellent paper providing great ideas for teaching resolution, sensitivity and modern telescope design.  Adobe Acrobat Reader needed.

 

Return to Physics Links Contents

 

 

9.8 FROM QUANTA TO QUARKS:

  • Beta Energy Spectrum - Some basic information on the energy spectrum of electrons and positrons emitted during beta-decay.  Click on the link below the graph to "Experimental energy and momentum distributions" for more detailed information.

  • Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom - Applet showing energy levels within hydrogen atom.

  • de Broglie Model of Atom - Good explanation plus a good applet showing the arrangement of de Broglie waves around a nucleus.  Go to site & page down to find applet.

  • Fission - Good information on fission and fission bombs.

  • Fusion - Good information on fusion (NOT fission), fusion reactors & links to many other topics of interest. 

  • Heisenberg - A very good site with lots of information on this great physicist.

  • Large Hadron Collider - An excellent site describing the nature and purpose of this amazing particle accelerator.  When it comes on line in 2008 it will be the most powerful accelerator in the world, giving Physicists the means to further test the Standard Model of Matter.
     

  • Large Hadron Collider Rap (You Tube) - Physicists are weird people.  Good people but weird.

  • Loop Quantum Gravity - An interesting overview of this theory, which is a major competitor with String Theory, for the quantum description of the gravitational field.

  • Manhattan Project 1 - Some basic information.

  • Manhattan Project 2 - Detailed information - links to several important aspects of the project.

  • Manhattan Project 3 - Good information - access to copies of original documents, meeting summaries, petitions to the President of the USA and so.  Very interesting.

  • Nuclear Power FAQ - Is nuclear power the answer to our greenhouse gas problems?  Some answers from Australia's top experts.

  • Nuclide Chart - An excellent table of nuclides.  Click on the coloured section of the miniaturised nuclide chart to go to the required part of the full table.  Once inside, you can move through the actual nuclide chart or you can enter the nuclide you are looking for in the box at the top left and then press enter (eg Tc-99, enter).  You will then go to the information on that nuclide.  Information provided includes, decay paths, emitted particle energies, parent nuclei and much more.

  • Particle Physics & Cosmology - Some key questions posed by the National Academy of Sciences in the USA.  This is a brief statement of the questions.

  • Pauli - A very good site with lots of information on this great physicist.

  • Periodic Table - An excellent Periodic Table containing huge amounts of data.

  • Quantum Computing - Some basic information on quantum computing.
     

  • Quantum Computing Update - A new development brings quantum computing a step closer.

  • Quantum Physics Timeline - An excellent set of notes relevant to the "From Quanta to Quarks Option".
     

  • Quantum Telecloning - Article from Physics Web describing the first demonstration of quantum telecloning.  This is a technique that combines quantum cloning and teleportation into a single step.  It enables quantum information to be sent to more than one receiver.

  • Quantum Tunnelling - A brief introduction to quantum mechanics (the wave picture), an explanation of quantum tunnelling and some interesting links.

  • Quarks & Atomic Structure - Lots of good information.
     

  • Quark Break-Free Temperature - Scientists have calculated that quarks and gluons can break free from their confinement inside protons and neutrons at a temperature of around two trillion degrees Kelvin.

  • Radioactive Material Applications - Several examples of radioactive materials and their uses.  Ignore the little red crosses in some of the thumbnail boxes.  There is material in most of them.

  • Radiation Technology Applications I - This site deals with medical applications of radioactivity.  Good detail.

  • Radiation Technology Applications II - This is a very good site with comprehensive notes on applications of nuclear energy in a wide variety of fields, including medicine, agriculture and industry.  It does not provide much in the way of actual equations but does give heaps of examples that you could research further.  The site also contains lots of information on other aspects of nuclear energy.

  • Scanning Electron Microscope - its structure & how it works

  • Schrodinger's Cat - This link takes you to the Brainteasers page of this website and the description of the Schrodinger's Cat paradox that resides there.  After reading the paradox, follow the links to the discussion of the paradox itself and then to a description of the domain of quantum mechanics.  Use the back arrow of your browser to get back here.

  • String Theory - A very good site with both basic & advanced explanations of this theory, which is a major candidate for a quantum theory of gravitation.

  • Testing the Standard Model - The production of a large quantity of antimatter may allow some very direct testing of the Standard Model of Matter.

  • The Particle Adventure Roadmap - Excellent site on elementary particles, Standard Model, Quantum Mechanics & more.

  • Unified Physics By 2050? - Very interesting Scientific American article on the search for a unified theory of all four fundamental forces of nature.

  • Uranium and the Community - Applications of radioactive materials in Medicine, Industry & Agriculture - general information - no nuclear equations.  For more detail go to the suggested link & use the search facility provided - eg search for "radioactive material uses".

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RELIGION SITES:

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GENERAL SITES:

  • AAS Degree - A website resource to help students find in-depth and unbiased information about AAS degrees.  It applies to courses available in the USA.

  • ABC Online - See the Science section.

  • Apollo Program - An excellent source of information on the space program that landed men on the moon.

  • Australian Flag - Some interesting historical background to the Southern Cross and its use on the Australian Flag, including the names of the stars and their distances from Earth.

  • Australia Innovates - A great selection of the most significant innovations developed by Australians in the 100 years since Federation.

  • Board of Studies

  • Chaos Hypertextbook - an excellent introduction to Chaos Theory

  • Einstein Analogy Competition Winner - interesting analogies to some of Einstein's most important ideas.

  • Explore Maths

  • Fluid Lens - Article from Physics Web on the development of a fluid lens.

  • Flying Laser - Interesting article by Dr Karl Kruszelnicki on the possibility of using lasers as defense systems against missiles.

  • Foucault's Pendulum - Dr Karl Kruszelnicki explains the Foucault Pendulum.

  • Fuzzy Systems - A Tutorial - an excellent introduction to Fuzzy Logic Theory

  • Galileo Thermometer - How it works.

  • Geometry Online - An excellent source of information on the history of mathematics and on  other mathematical aspects.  Many links to useful sites.

  • History of Physics

  • How Stuff Works - A site full of useful information.

  • HyperPhysics - A very good site with explanations & diagrams covering a huge range of Physics topics.

  • Klein Bottle - Explore this fascinating mathematical entity.  If only we had four spatial dimensions.  Imagine the fun we could have.

  • Laboratory Manual - Uni of Melbourne - good physics experiment suggestions on many topics - diagrams of apparatus needed - brief operational details.

  • Nerdling - A zine of physics, maths & sci-fi.

  • New Scientist Magazine

  • New Scientist Space - A great Space site run by New Scientist Magazine.

  • Network MAD Search - search the Mad Science Network archives for answers to your questions.  Links to other areas of the Mad Science Network Site.

  • NOVA - Science in the News

  • NSW HSC On-Line - a "must see" for all HSC students

  • OzSkyWatch - Good information on upcoming astronomical events of relevance to people in Australia, links to Australian Astronomical Societies and much more.

  • Periodic Table - Excellent link to huge amount of elemental data.

  • Physics Links - Some very good links here.  Notes on the work of many famous scientists.  Notes on many interesting physics topics.

  • Physics Web - Link to other sites

  • Quantum Teleportation - An explanation of this mysterious phenomenon.

  • School Science Lessons - Contains many science resources, including good laboratory exercises, for a wide range of school Science classes.  Well worth a look for both teachers & students.

  • Science Daily - The latest news in Science.

  • SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF NSW

  • The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory - A paper written by L Susskind one of the creators of String Theory. A pdf version can be downloaded from this page.  Very interesting to read.
     

  • The Anthropic Principle: Smolin v's Susskind - A very interesting set of emails and letters sent between these two top line physicists discussing and arguing the meaning of and the evidence for the Anthropic Principle.  This principle basically says that the laws of nature should be consistent with the existence of intelligent life.

  • The Photonics.com Site - Worth a look!  This could be just the career for you.  There is lots of information at this site on what Photonics is and where it could take you as a career.

 

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